Atomic beam study of the rubidium 85, 87 relative isotope shift

Evaporative Cooling of a Guided Rubidium Atomic Beam

Candlestick rubidium beam source

Many atomic physics laboratories rely on beams of alkali atoms for their experiments, for example in the atom optics and laser cooling communities. Rubidium is commonly used, due to the fortunate coincidence of the dipole resonant transition with the optimum output wavelength of low-cost AlGaAs semiconductor lasers. Suitable rubidium beams can easily be produced with effusive ovens, but many ex...

Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope 87Rb

A miniature atomic scalar magnetometer based on the rubidium isotope 87Rb was developed for operation in space. The instrument design implements both Mx and Mz mode operation and leverages a novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabricated vapor cell and a custom silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. The vapor cell has a volume of only...

Atomic Hyperfine Splitting in Rubidium

In its ground state, rubidium (Rb) has a single 5s electron outside a closed shell; the principal structure of its excited states is therefore similar to that of hydrogen. The first excited state is split in two by the spin-orbit interaction, and each of these levels is split further by the hyperfine interaction. Neglecting relativistic and reduced-mass effects, the Hamiltonian consists of four...

study of cohesive devices in the textbook of english for the students of apsychology by rastegarpour

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...